Leadership in Context

The â€Å"Ah Hal† moment is distributed leadership actually did happened in my past appointment as the Course Commander in the Engineer Training Institute (ET). Being selected in the appointment and the most senior in rank, I naturally assumed the position of the leader with my subordinates taking Instructions from me. However, for certain events such as organizing of unit's Chinese New Year event, managing of officer cadets' cohesion activities, and specific training packages, I delegated the planning to my team.Through the process, it was encouraging to see some of my instructors took the initiative to emerge as the assume leader to organize and successfully completed the task with minimum supervision. Despite being successful, I had also observed that my instructors' Kim-Yin Chain et al. , Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice, 1st edition (Singapore: Coinage Learning Asia, 2011). Peg 148 2 Leonard Wong, Paul Bellies, and Dennis McGuire, â€Å"Milita ry Leadership: A Context Specific Review,† US Army Research, January 1, 2003, http://adolescents. Nil. Due/ chrysanthemum/1 6. Peg 657-692. Reiterative in organizing the event could have been limited by my supervision at some point of time. Hence, It Is of my view that It Is Indeed possible that distributed leadership can be Implemented quite successfully In certain areas In SAFE. My post-action review Len- relation to the concept of Orpheus are being summarized in three points. Firstly, application of distributed leadership can be applied in military context particularly for a small group who had attained a certain level of military competencies.It provides opportunities for a rotational leadership role, allowing any individual to merge as leader and to realize the rich potential as a group. Secondly, the empowerment given to the Individual must be respected and trusted to reduce their authority and leadership through a shared vision, mission and purpose. The concept will all ow the group to generate greater passion and motivation to reach the desired outcome. Lastly, distributed leadership need to be carefully calibrated in a traditionally hierarchical organization to prevent the wrong impression of a laissez- fairer or no leadership approach.By planning forward, distributed leadership can be seed to enhanced specific core competencies skills 3 such as creative thinking, communicating to influence, decision making, develop people and team, developing the individual for success. Task 2: State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to after SC. Being a Combat Engineer by vocation, my next possible appointment might be taking over command in one of the battalion of Singapore Combat Engineer (SEE).I shall 3 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Provide my assessment and direction in accordance to â€Å"Circle† of the SAFE Leadership 417 Frameworks; mission and purpose, operating environment and desired o utcome, to strive forward and achieve a collective vision for my unit. Mission and Purpose. From the theory of core ideology by Jim Collins and Jerry Operas, the core values and core purpose of great organization does not change. The unit's mission and purpose in line with SAFE, in peacetime, is to safeguard our nation's security, thereby ensuring Singapore survival ultimately. I will work to ensure that the unit perform the function of raise, train and sustain, and continues to be ready to play its role in arrangement Singapore security during my tour and for the foreseeable future. I would consider adopting the leadership in Battle and Garrisons that was taught in LLC lesson 8 in achieving the mission under differing situational requirements.Understanding the flexibility of the competing values and behaviors will first allow me to place emphasis in maintaining relevant in fulfilling the â€Å"swift and decisive victory' part of the MINDED/SAFE mission and renewed the focus on the unit's hotter capability, so as to set in place the building blocks for our evolving role in the future operating environment. 4 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Jim Collins and Jerry I. Operas, Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies 6 Reuben Gal and A.David Manageresses, Handbook of Military Psychology, 1 edition (Chester ; New York: Wiley, 1991). Peg. 411-429. 5 Operating Environment From LLC lesson 7 that organizational culture is important to the influence of leadership and vice versa. Edgar H. Scheme said † group growth and culture formation can be seen as two sides of the same coin, and both are the result of leadership activities and shared experiences†. 7 The operating environment of the unit is not Just being ready to handle any contingency but also being operationally proficient to carry out our security operations on a daily basis.Thus the unit needs to be operationally ready to face the continuous co mplex VI-CA environment. The unit will need to train the men to attain an approved level of technical competence on operating combat engineers' equipments and honing the analytical functions of the commanders to operating in the various operating conditions. The unit culture will be â€Å"a pattern of hared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions, the culture will manifest itself at the level of observable artifacts and shared espoused beliefs and values†. To meet the demand and influencing the culture, I will take on the leadership by example to be the source of beliefs and values to gradually build a shared assumptions among the commanders and men in the unit. Desired Outcome My desired outcome is to develop an operational, cohesive and discipline unit, which is capable of maintaining safety and achieving mission success in a wide spectrum of operations. The unit should comprises of committed soldiers who are highly proficient in their tasks and proud of their identity as Comb at Engineer soldiers.A few key factors to focus on to maintain high level of performance and competency are: (1) To display 7 Edgar H. Scheme, Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Edition edition (San Francisco: Josses Bass, 2004). Peg 87-88 8 Ibid. Leadership by example. Leaders who â€Å"walks the talk† will enable his men and commanders to sense and be inspired by the actions and commitment. (2) To build quality relationships. I am also a firm believer of the Core Theory of Success 9, where laity results. (3) To instill a sense of purpose.Never â€Å"go through motion† and make clear of the purpose in the tasking so as to enable strong sense of ownership and foster a stronger commitment to the unit. Task 3: Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for my appointment. Values Figure 1 . SAFE 24-7 Leadership Frameworks Based on the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework (refer to Figure 1), a SAFE leader will need the four factors provided within the triangul ar block for effective leadership. First key requirement is values which is the basic foundation of the triangle.A strong set of 9 John Steersman, Organizational Learning at Work: Embracing the Challenges of the New Work place (Waltham, Mass: Pegasus Communications, 1998). 10 Adapted from SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg values that SAFE leaders derive their moral strength for influencing their soldiers. 11. The importance of values cannot be overstated and hence my values need to be aligned with the SAFE core values to remain firm in my convictions and actions. Leadership is the process of influencing people. 2 1 will lead by example and exemplify the SAFE core values to positively influence my commanders and men. With the consistent inculcation of values, it will be a guide for everyone to do the right things regardless whether one is being watched or not. Full-Range Leadership – Balancing between Transacti onal and Transformational Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context The next key requirement is leadership styles. There is no single leadership style good enough for all situations and picking up three particular styles of leadership (I. E. Situational Leadership, Path-goal theory and Full Range model) from LLC lesson 5, it 11SEA-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg 3 13 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LACE-02-Slides_Overview_Concepts_Appropriateness DARPA-22 – for STUDENTS APP. Slide 49. Was understood that the styles of leadership were often dependent of the leader, the follower and situations. I believe the full range leadership model is best suited for my next appointment and I need to balance the range of styles between transactional and transformational so that I can effectively communicate and lead as a Officer Commanding (CO) of a Battalion.Reaching for transformational leadership Tyler will likel y to yield a positive and longer-lasting effects. Leadership, Management and Command Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context Other than SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I will want to look at the concept of Leadership, Management and Command (ELM) (refer to Figure 2) from LLC lesson 2 to be one of the key requirement. ELM are three distinct concepts but inseparable and intertwined†1 5. Taking over a command appointment makes me dwell deeper into the LLC 14 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LOCO 15 Chain et al. Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice. Peg 8-14 concept. Looking beyond peacetime tasking and operations, although the application of all three concept are equally important, I will focus more on leadership role to influence soldiers by providing the purpose, direction and motivation that required to achieved mission success. 16 Task 4: My leadership strengths and weaknesses? According to my MYSELF report and matching the result with the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I had clearly exhibited a value-based leadership and my strength in the core competency were mission, social and developmental.The results resonated well urine my appointment as Course Commander, with extremely tight training the end-of-course survey, highlighting areas like our instructors' role modeling, value inculcation, individual development and mission focus. The positive feedbacks were good indications that my instructors understood their roles well and they were given opportunities to develop and lead with my guidance. Socially, I had displayed good interpersonal effectiveness and able to communicate to influence my team well. With strengths, there is also weakness. One of my weakest factor reported was inflexibility of my leadership style.Previously as Course Commander, I was not deeply exposed to the various leadership styles as compared to now in GAS SC. Then, I adopted a more consistent leadership style towards my trainees and my team th inking that a more homogeneous outcome in the inculcation of the SAFE core values was better. 16 Ibid However, I realized this might not be the most effective method to motivate and lead the team. An effective leaders are those who can shift between transactional and transformational leadership styles as required by circumstances and the characteristics of followers†17.

Conformity and Rebellion

Conforming to societal norms can have many benefits. There are 3 different types of conformity; the first Is compliance; this Is the act of conforming to the larger majority In public while privately retaining one's personal beliefs. This can be seen In George Rowel's â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†: â€Å"The crowd would laugh at me†¦ L did not want to shoot the elephant. † In this short story Orwell is pressured by his society to shoot the elephant. Orwell did not want to shoot the elephant it was no longer causing any harm but to not shoot the elephant Orwell old be seen as a bad individual to his society.In this case one's personal beliefs must be taken back, if not the group of Indians would see Orwell as an evil person. This variety is often seen amongst adults complying with the rules and regulations of a job when they do not necessarily agree with its policies. This allows for the individual to maintain his or her own sense of individuality while still gaining whatever needs are afforded to them by adhering to the norms expected of them. The second form of conforming is called identification. This is the act of informing to someone admired or dollied by the individual. This can be done to mimic that of a celebrity or other iconic figure.Teenagers often conform as a way to make friends. By wearing a certain brand of clothing they are choosing to identify themselves with any others who wear that style or brand. This variety is most often seen amongst groups of the similar age. The third type is called initialization. This Is the act of fully adhering and believing in certain norms both publicly In society as well as individually to themselves. Initialization can be seen is Faulkner â€Å"A Rose or Emily: â€Å"l have received a paper, yes†¦ ‘ have no taxes In Jefferson. † In the town of Jefferson Emily never had to pay taxes until the town had changed Its norms.This variety Is most often seen amongst groups of similar rel igious beliefs or ethnic background. This allows for an Individual's full acceptance Into their chosen group. Conforming to the crowd Is actually physiologically programmed In to our brains. Studies show that the anterior Insularly cortex; the part of the human brain that controls social emotions and self-awareness as well as anterior Cingular cortex; the art of the brain that helps In error detection, have both been shown to Increase In activity when a subjects answer to a question is correct but dissenting from those of his or her peers.Though conforming to societal norms may grant individuals such things as social acceptance and inclusion, it also sometimes robs adhering persons of their feeling of individuality and private freedom. As sun tanner are also tense won seek to Aviva compliance Walt skeletal norms or to rebel against them. Societal rebellion is the act of rebelling against the norms expected. This is very often seen in younger generations. Rebelling from societal norm s is a way of giving up the privileges and acceptance associated complying with them in order to fully maintain ones independence and individuality from society.Societal rebellion is a double edged sword, where as it can be used passively as a way to move towards noble cause. For example the peaceful protests by Mahatma Gandhi as well as the sass Montgomery bus boycott. Both of these rebellions were against societal norms yet both were peaceful and nonviolent. Conversely societal rebellion can also be any act of violence or anarchy. Murders and all other acts of Eileen crimes can be perceived as social rebellion because obeying the law is also seen as a societal norm.Therefore by committing a crime, you are in turn disobeying a societal norm. Conformity and rebellion are both tools humans use to interact with society, whether it is conforming to initiate and maintain friendships, or it be rebelling in order to maintain ones individuality, or even to try to change the structure of so ciety itself. Conforming or rebelling is two sides of the same coin, but both are needed to establish ones presence and function in society.

Puerto Rico's Underground Economy And Tax System Essay

Puerto Rico's Underground Economy And Tax System - Essay Example These rules also cover the condition in using US flagships as well as the minimum wage standard. Income coming from other U.S. possessions or Puerto Rico is generally considered as foreign-source income. On the other hand, entities which are instituted other U.S. possessions or Puerto Rico, are usually considered as foreign persons. Special Tax Rules Related to Puerto RicoAs a consequence of the hybrid domestic-foreign conduct of individuals in Puerto Rico, the common ideology of U.S. taxation are qualified by numerous particular rules pertinent to U.S. citizens and inhabitants of, and U.S. persons who are conducting business in the said territory.Other rules, on the other hand, are intended to put off U.S. Federal tax laws from opposing tax incentives applied by Puerto Rico to draw investors. The United States has also placed in tax incentives to help Puerto Rico when it comes to acquiring employment producing investments particularly from companies in the US. The demand for these p articular tax incentives could be traced in part, to the extra costs placed on investing in Puerto Rico mainly since it holds such status as a U.S. possession. When taking into account the earlier U.S. law, definite domestic corporations with operations in U.S. possessions could vote for under Code section 936 to commonly do away with the U.S. tax, which also includes the alternative minimum tax, on particular foreign source income which was associated with their processes in the specified regions.

A Consideration of Necessity in the Work of David Hume Essay

A Consideration of Necessity in the Work of David Hume - Essay Example In his Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume delineates his theory of human morality. The form of argument Hume takes is the concept that human morality is not based on coherent thought and logical reason, but is instead the upshot of humanity's passionate fervor. Since this fervor cannot present itself as the creation of logical reason, it would be consequently be the ultimate in the lack of logical thinking to adjudicate any moral deed as being the result of either rational or irrational thought. Hume delivers a succession of explanations that serve to reveal why humanity should express scepticism toward any conclusion based upon reasoning that is arrived at through familiarities based on sensory perception.Hume concludes that even in the face of complexities that are presented by virtue of the illogic inherent in sensory perception, humans still maintain a forcible belief in illogical conclusions due to psychology.This presents the paradoxical notion that strong belief is often gro unded in contradictions.Hume's argument posits that it is even within the realm of possibility that the most grounded and confident reasonable conclusions are, in fact, merely probable and that the degrees of probability are subject to intense scrutiny with each additional analysis. Mistakes made on the basis of supposedly rational certainty are legion due to the inescapable imperfectability of human judgment. The ironic paradox of human judgment resides in the fact that each further analysis of the previous judgment decreases the probability of correctness in the original judgment. This has particularly chilling aspects when considered against the potential for reductions of probability in those elements that humans invest the utmost confidence in regarding the infallibility of correctness, such as laws of mathematics and science. Hume emphasises that there are three stipulations required to confirm merely through observation. The first he termed the aspect of constant conjunction, in which the cause and the effect are required to be both spatially and constantly extant. The second stipulates that the cause must have come before the effect itself. And finally, there must be a connection of necessity; that is it must be possible to ascertain why the cause produces the effect. Hume's appraisal of causation necessarily dictates that it can only be inferred and not examined and his conclusions indicate that it is impossible to achieve an impression of a necessary connection; rather, one must experience constant conjunction and temporal priority: "Experience only teaches us how one event constantly follows another, without instructing us in the secret connection which binds them together" (Hume, 1870, p. 347). Ultimately, Hume asserts that there are significant limitations to reason. Hume maintains that humans remain convinced that any object that is observed exists independently. Once this belief is subject to analysis, however, it is determined to be without basis and that paradox provides a basis for conflict in the process of reasonable determination. All perceptions are dependent upon human observation and even the slightest modification in the senses can distort that perception. Since this is one of the few absolute truths that exists, it is not logical to assume that perception can be something existing independently of us, nor can it possibly exist when there is nobody there to perceive it. Despite this Hume asserts that people will almost never surrender their natural belief in the existence of an external world that is separate from their perceptions. The

A Canticle for Leibowitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Canticle for Leibowitz - Essay Example While Miller’s text presents a compelling narrative, it is perhaps most relevant in terms of the metaphorical critique it holds for contemporary life and the potentials of future existence. This response essay considers many of these elements and meditates on potential solutions to some of the most pressing challenges. There are a number of considerations related to Miller’s notion that religious inspiration can create a culture-saving alternative community. One first considers the nature of religious inspiration. In the text what largely appears to have occurred is that religion has rejected the location of what it once readily embraced – namely simplification. In these regards, one considers the church’s position in the Medieval Period as readily embracing a rejection of knowledge for more faith based modes of understanding; these modes of understanding created institutions that largely rejected scientific inquiry, particularly when it conflicted with re ligious doctrine. In this sense the nature of ‘religious inspiration’ would be recognized as actually rejecting knowledge. Still, in the Medieval period through the Renaissance and even into the contemporary world religion has operated to stringently retain its own culture in the face of scientific and ethical challenges from the outside world. It seems the notion of ‘religious inspiration’ as a culture-saving operation is perhaps best exemplified in the university system. In these regards, to a large extent the university system and the professors working therein constitute a culture that is partly in opposition to pervading trends of society. That is, the university system embraces concepts and values that reject the simple pursuit of profit for the pursuit of knowledge for the sake of knowledge. This is slightly a religious concept as, at least in Western society, the fundamental driving impact of change and development are profit incentives. Ultimately, then this attests to the nature of religious inspiration as a culture-saving entity. One considers whether Americans are tempted towards oversimplification. Particularly in regards to the aforementioned university establishment there is the consideration that much of mainstream society is opposed to intellectualism. Rather than holding intellectuals or scientists in ultimate esteem, society more readily embraces athletes or popular entertainers. Within mainstream media television programs, films, and popular novels project a culture that rejects intellectualism and positions intelligence or knowledge as counter to natural living. Newspapers and television news oftentimes are targeted towards the lowest common denominator. The cumulative recognition of these trends is that American society largely tempts its citizens towards oversimplification. Within the text the nuclear weapons engineer that founds the monastic order to preserve knowledge is later carved in a statue with a wry smi le. To an extent this can be viewed as a metaphor on society as entirely ironic. That is, we all act like we know what we’re doing, but none of us really have any idea. To an extent it appears that this notion is correct in that much of what is termed functioning in society is based on the blind embrace of pervading cultural standards that the majority of us do not understand. Still, one considers that existentialism positions meaning as a personal choice. In these regards, there is self-reflexivity and authenticity in the way that humans go about living their lives. The question of meaning and understanding is related to questions of control and directing natural forces. The text asks, â€Å"Who will govern the use of power to control natural

Australia's Apparel Industry Analysis Research Paper

Australia's Apparel Industry Analysis - Research Paper Example The Australian apparel industry can be classified into menswear and womenswear market. In the menswear segment the total revenues in 2008 was $3524.4 million. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) during the period 2004-2008 was 3.9%. The total revenue generated by the apparel retail industry of Australia in 2008 was $12.8 billion with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% during the period 2004 to 2008 (researchandmarkets, n.d.). The total number of apparel retailers in 2001 was 10,673 and they were distributed across Australia unequally depending on population density. The apparel retailers were mainly located in key cities like Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and Melbourne. Victoria and New South Wales account for more than 80% turnover in in the textile, clothing and footwear segment (Ahern, 2004). Designer Wears: Australian designers are very well updated of the latest fashion trends in Europe, US and the local trends in Australia. They produce quality fashion products at competitive prices and some of them are also able to compete with international players. Designer wear particularly from Italy are highly respected and accepted by the Australians. Products from Italy usually cater to the premium segment since they are priced high and mainly include high end leather wears. The Australian apparel market like other western markets is highly fragmented or segmented. The segmentation is not only based on income but also on gender, body type, age and aesthetic preference. This result in the market being broken up into small national markets based on lifestyle. Moreover compared to other western countries Australians spend less on apparel because of the moderate climate and their casual lifestyle. Australians spend a large portion of their income on housing, communication equipment and transportation. The price reductions prompted by trade liberalization has reduced the share of apparels in household expenditure considerably in the past ten

Leadership and mentoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Leadership and mentoring - Essay Example The effects of leadership decisions on organizational growth are many.In fact, appropriate leadership practices can highly enhance the performance of a particular organization, an issue that needs to be taken into consideration when having to evaluate the role of leaders in establishing and promoting organizational strategies. In any case, leadership has been proved to be a critical concept for organizations operating in different industries. However, in most cases, the ability of leaders to promote effective strategies is doubted; failures in providing guidelines or making accurate provisions in regard to the potential needs of a specific plan seem to be common aspects of the leadership worldwide. Current study reviews the characteristics and the requirements of leadership as compared to mentoring. Reference is particularly made to the potential interaction between leadership and mentoring and the role of its of these concepts in the success of plans, either in the short or the long term. Both these concepts, leadership and mentorship, are explored in the context of the business environment. At the same time, the personal perceptions on leadership are presented. Using the example of leadership in work, the personal responses to the needs of such a role are described and explained. It is proved that leadership can highly affect the success of projects in all sectors; moreover, the personal experiences on leadership, as evaluated through an appropriate theoretical framework, lead to the following assumption: leadership and mentoring have a key role in the success of organizational plans. Moreover, the involvement of leadership and mentoring in the context of a business can be made clear in all parts of the business; in the workplace leadership is critical for the development of an effective relationship between the employee and the employer. In the long term, the success of leaders is necessarily evaluated by their competencies and experience, but also by their willingness to support all aspects of their organization’s activities without setting their own interest as a priority. 2. Literature review on leadership and mentoring 2.1 Definitions The development of leadership has been related to a series of different sectors; in fact, leadership has been involved in many social, economic and political activities. According to Daft and Lane (2008) the value of leadership as a social phenomenon has been identified quite early, even from the ancient times. However, it was just in ‘the twentieth century that scientific research on leadership first appeared’ (Daft and Lane 2008). A key characteristic of leadership is its complexity. More specifically, due to the high range of activities in which it is involved, leadership has been described using different criteria (Daft and Lane 2008). A common definition of leadership is the following one: leadership is ‘an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend re al changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes’ (Daft and Lane 2008, p.4). In other words, leadership is defined by the perceptions of leaders and followers, as these perceptions are likely to affect the style of the leaders but also the relationship between leaders and followers. The above definition has an important implication: no reference is made to the potential independency of leaders from their followers neither to the independency of the latter from the former. In other words, leaders and followers are considered as fully committed to the achievement of certain common goals, a fact that cannot be verified by the social and economic practice. In fact, many leaders tend to decide independently, without being influenced by the percepti

Patients saftey Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patients saftey - Thesis Example It does seem likely, however, that, under stress, hospital staff is more likely to make mistakes that can contribute to the emergence of accidents, because high stress levels can impair the level of concentration, cognitive information processing, decision-making and work behavior (Furney, Press). The main research question that guided the present study was whether objective work stressors and resources predict important characteristics of stressful events that are related to safety among novice nurses. The characteristics in question were the similarity of the particular event to previously experienced events and the probability that the event would recur in the future. Thus, the risk potential contained in the event was assessed in terms of the event being a recurrent rather than a singular event - either because it had occurred in the past and/or because it was estimated to have a high chance of recurrence. Work stressors and job control both assessed by observer ratings were respectively expected to be positively and negatively associated with the two indicators of risk potential. Work stress, especially work overload (e.g. by time pressure) has been shown to be associated with occupational accidents (e.g. Frone 1998, 565, Zohar 2000, 591) and medical malpractice (Jones et al. 1998, 730). Conversely, resources such as job autonomy or job control are positively related not only to health and productivity but also to safe working practices (Parker et al. 2001, 214). This study investigates the association between chronic job stressors and characteristics of safety-related stressful events encountered at work. Typically, in this kind of research, both predictors and dependent variables are assessed by means of self-report, and this presents a risk of overestimating the association because of correlated error (Semmer et al. 2004, 210). As such, many researchers recommend measuring independent and dependent variables with different methods

Ethical Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Argument - Essay Example John has taken Networking and Artificial Intelligence as his Major specialization subject. Since the subject was tough, only 15 students (including John) took it as there Major Specialization Subject. There was enough competition among these students and there performance was up to par. There were four permanent Faculties and three Visiting Faculties, who were highly qualified; well experienced in there field and dedicated & hard working. It was the Final Examination of the first semester and John has worked really hard to get good marks in the exam. One night when he was playing with codes of networking, a few batch mates came and asked "to co-operate". He was in the dilemma whether to co-operate with his friends or not. That night, his batch mates made a plan which according to him was "highly unethical". The plan was to misuse The Relative Grading System by mutual understanding and co-operation. The batch mates tried to exploit the weakness of the system from the terms of the marks obtained by the topper. Clearly if the topper obtains only 30% of the absolute marks in an examination, which is to be checked using the relative grading system, then even a student who has just managed to obtain 24% absolute marks, will effectively, secure a total of 80% relative marks (Grade A) and will pass with flying colors, who in real circumstances should not be allowed to attend the second semester. They were trying to convince him into executing the same plan and finally attempt only three questions out of the bunch of ten., as everyone will do this and will get 'A' grade. John did not get convince because it was not an ethical act and there came 'Ethical Arguments'. He told his mates to give a real fight in the examination and not this 'fake co-operation' because somewhere in the long run they have to pay for this unethical act. He said that every game has certain rules which can be manipulated to act in one's favor but one who is a hard worker will never try to manipulate and will come out as a winner with his hard work and efficiency, even after following these rules. He argued the basic purpose of introducing a relative grading system is to dilute the significance of the toughness of the paper and the marks to be primarily a function of the individual's strength in a competitive environment His batch mates stood firm in their decision and did not give heed to his ideas. It was the Final Examination and question papers were distributed. John was forced to attempt only three questions out of those ten just for the sake of friendship and cooperation. He was feeling very bad. He recited his favorite lines during the examination: "When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That's my religion." -Abraham Lincoln But he was helpless and bounded; he was not feeling good. Result day, although everyone passed with flying colors but one man lost his job. The teacher, who was blamed that he was not

Employee-Organisation Relationship in Working Performance Essay

Employee-Organisation Relationship in Working Performance - Essay Example This study makes two major contributions to the academia and to the business community, which are as follows: A). Even though there are many studies that have focused on the topic of employee-organization relationship, most of them are based on different perspectives (e.g. organizational politics, strategic role of globalization, human resource management practices). Only a few studies have studied the employee-organization relationship from the perspective of inducement and contribution. Only a few studies have used the grass-roots employees as a basis to evaluate how to motivate employees, and then how to attain sustainable competitive advantages for an organization. Therefore, this study specifically looks at grass-roots employees as a basis, and thus will make some fresh contribution to the area of employee-organization relationship. B). Samples for this study are generally from China. The labour sources will be grass-roots employees with fewer inducements as this makes it easier to collect the realistic primary data with regard to the other mediating variables (such as organizational trust and organizational justice). Many developed countries, particularly multinational enterprises are likely to produce parts of their products in China to benefit from cheap labour sources. Therefore, this study also offers suggestions on how to effectively and efficiently motivate grass-roots employees in China for these large multinational enterprises. ... Nonetheless, attitude and behaviours of individuals in an organisation have also been identified as important factors to repair organisational trust. The findings also suggest that justice implies employee involvement and this boosts staff morale as they feel recognized and valued. Organisational trust is also responsible for job satisfaction that employees feel thereby enhancing performance. Key Words: employee-organisational relationship, organisational justice, equity, organisational trust, employee working performan ce. With the rapid development of the economy, the acceleration of globalisation and increased overseas business activities by multinational enterprises, the definition of organisational trust too has undergone tremendous change. Gibbons (2004) believes that organisational trust can be automatically generated through friendships. Organisations are required not only to keep high levels of friendship with their employees, but also to improve relationships with customers, suppliers as well as business partners. Olekalns and Smith (2005) assert that organisational trust is a key element in organisations. This is because it facilitates bargaining and negotiation while reducing transactional costs in inter-firm exchanges (Bharadwaj and Matsuno, 2006) and resolves international political conflicts (Kelman, 2005). Even in Poon's (2003) study, the issue of organisational trust is seen as the antecedent of organisational politics.

Overview of Ancient Greece Essay Example for Free

Overview of Ancient Greece Essay Athens, Sparta, Alexander, the Parthenon and other ancient ruins are vivid reminders of Greece’s almost hallowed past. Greece is a mountainous land surrounded by over 1000 islands and almost completely circled by the Mediterranean Sea. The first farmers settled there in around about 7000 BC due to the ideal weather of hot dry summers and rain only in winter and soon developed into small independent communities cut off from each other by the mountains and often competing for the best land, because the fertile soil was in short supply. These small communities later developed into the city-states and each had a strong individual identity, although very little is known about these early settlers. The Bronze Age is considered the first historical period, and it was within this period that the early writing systems were developed. During the Bronze Age there were two great civilisations- the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Bronze Age witnessed major social, economic, and technological advances that made Greece the main centre of activity in the Mediterranean; it was characterized by its rapid growth of population and development of trade. It was in the Bronze Age that metals were first used. The Minoan civilization was the first great civilisation of the Aegean world; it emerged around 3200 BC on the island of Crete. The rich Cretan soil produced oil, grain and wine in abundance. The Minoan’s were not Greek and may have originally come from western Asia as early as 6000 BC. The civilization grew wealthy through trade with countries such as Egypt, Asia Minor and the Levant. The Minoans were skilled artists and craftsmen, creating beautiful objects, their architecture reaching near perfection. The Minoans also ruled the other Aegean Islands and various cities on the mainland. New buildings constantly replaced the cave dwellings of the previous age. The great Minoan fleet ruled the Mediterranean, providing wealth to the island from trade and commerce as well as providing protection from any invaders. They were peaceful people with a love of life and equality between men and women. A major earthquake hit Crete around 1450 BC, causing large-scale destruction of the palaces; but the palaces were rebuilt soon afterwards and the Minoan civilization continued to flourish. Not everyone was as lucky as others to live in the palaces but whoever didn’t, then lived in small farmhouses. A new disaster hit Crete around 1450 BC, causing large-scale destruction to the palaces and settlements and resulting in the eventual demise of the great civilization. The Mycenaean civilization flourished on mainland Greece from around 1600 BC. It was a warlike society and weapons and armour have been found in their graves. Mycenae, city of Agamemnon, was one of several heavily fortified strongholds. They are also known for being great traders as they sailed far and wide. They traded with Egypt, Asia Minor, Italy and Cyprus. The Mycenaeans were very wealthy and archaeologists have uncovered many objects in gold, silver and ivory from their towns. Their writing system called ‘Linear B’ was adapted from a Minoan script. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans spoke Greek. Around 1250 BC the Mycenaeans started to build huge defensive walls around the major towns because they were under threat from foreign invaders. By 1200 BC the cities began to be abandoned or destroyed. 1100-700BC, after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, Greece was plunged into a Dark Age. The rich Mycenaean towns and palaces fell into decline or were destroyed, writing was no longer used and trade with other countries decreased dramatically. Although very little is known about this period it is thought the population of Greece became much smaller with people living in fewer and smaller settlements possibly due to famine and the depopulation. The Archaic Period was a time of great change in Greece from 700 -480 BC. Many cities like Athens, Corinth, Argos and Sparta, grew rich and powerful. Great temples to the gods were built in many places around Greece. The cities developed new ways to govern themselves. Many cities were ruled by kings or rich families. Others were ruled by a small group of people called an oligarchy. At the end of the 6th century BC, Athens developed a system in which many of its citizens helped to make the rules and decisions. This type of government was called democracy. Sparta invaded the neighbouring land of Messenia and forced most of its inhabitants into slavery. To make sure they could control such a large number of slaves, Sparta became a military society. Men and women were expected to be fit and strong. The men were forbidden to have jobs or trade because they were full-time soldiers. Many of the Greek cities joined together when faced with a common enemy. At the beginning of the 5th Century BC Greece was invaded twice by the Persians and even thought the Greeks were outnumbered they were still able to drive the invaders away from their land. From 323-31 BC, the Hellenistic Period was the time from the death of Alexander the Great to the beginning of the Roman Empire. The Greek world was now dominated by large kingdoms ruled by dynasties rather than individual city states. This was a time when Greek influence spread throughout a great deal of the world. The countries that Alexander had conquered adopted the Greek language, religion and styles of art often mixing them with local traditions. Greek towns with gymnasia, temples and theatres were built in all parts of the empire, even as far away as Afghanistan. The word politics come from the Greek word ‘polis’, meaning city-state or community. Greece was a collection of some 1500 separate communities scattered round the Mediterranean. Those cities that were not democracies were either oligarchies – where power was in the hands of the few richest citizens- or monarchies, called ‘tyrannies’ in cases where the sole ruler had complete power by force rather than inheritance. Of the democracies, the oldest, the most stable, the most long-lived, but also the most radical, was Athens. Athens was the first city to develop democracy. Democracy meaning that all the citizens had a say in how a state or city is governed. In Athens the people, who acquired power and freedom, drove out the tyrants. All decision is Athens had to be voted for by the majority of the people. The assembly was the main forum of political life. At least 6000 people had to be present for a meeting to take place. The assembly made important decisions, for example, whether or not to declare war. In times of war, decisions were made about the defence of the city by a group of ten military commanders called ‘strategoi’. These were elected annually and could be re-elected many times. However, not everyone in Athens was allowed to take part in the democracy. Only male citizens had the right to vote. This meant that women and children could not take part in the government. An Ancient Greek soldier was known as a Hoplite. He had to provide his own weapons and armour. A hoplite’s weapons and armour were very simple and left large areas of the body unprotected, but worked well when he fought in a phalanx. The hoplite’s armour consisted of; a bronze helmet with long nose guard and cheek guards, bronze cuirass (breastplate) designed to protect the top part of the body, large shield to protect the body and bronze greaves (leg guards) to protect the lower part of the legs. A hoplite’s weapons were a long spear and short sword. The ancient Greeks believed that there were a great number of god’s and goddesses. They believed that all the gods were descendants of Gaia (the earth) and Uranos (the sky). These gods had control over many different things on earth. In many ways the Greek gods were very human. They could be kind or mean, angry or pleasant, cruel or loving. They fell in love with each other, argued with each other, argued with each other and even stole from each other! The ancient Greeks built great temples and sanctuaries to their gods. They held festivals in their honour, with processions, sports, sacrifices and competitions. Religion played a large part in the lives of ordinary people. Worshippers believed that the gods would treat them well and meet their needs if they offered the fruits of the harvest and animal sacrifices. Stories of the god’s lives were told to children by their mothers and to large audiences by professional storytellers. One key individual of Greece was Alexander the Great. The story of his life sounded more like that of a Greek hero. He was a great military leader and courageous. Many thought he was a descendant of Hercules and another legend claimed he was the son of Zeus. His loyal army would follow him anywhere and he won the respect of the people he conquered. He died aged 33 thousands of miles from home in Macedon with an enormous empire. Another individual was Homer. He was a storyteller and a poet who lived sometime in the 8th century BC. He was greatly admired and created two of the most popular and enduring stories ever told, The Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer’s stories about Mycenae are still told today and reflect real incidents of war, battles and sieges. Drama and theatre were Greek inventions. They held great festivals where plays were performed. At the end of the festival they would choose one of the plays as the winner. The two main types of play performed were tragedy and comedy. Tragedies dealt with terrible events like war or murder. Often they recreated famous Greek myths and legends. A comedy poked fun at current events and people. Many thousands of people would attend these festivals which were dedicated to the god Dionysus.

Clt Communicative Language Teaching Knowledge Methods English Language Essay

Clt Communicative Language Teaching Knowledge Methods English Language Essay If person wants to learn something new, first of all, he should decide seriously for himself does he need the new knowledge, and how he might use it in the everyday life. This is what should be the first step to appear in persons head before starting a new cycle of studying. But bare intensions are not enough. Basically all people need to get help and support from the others who possess the knowledge, which a person only dreams about. So he has to find a good teacher. And then it is teachers turn to decide, what he can do for his new student. First of all, he needs to choose in which way he can transfer the knowledge to the student, and the chosen method must be the most effective one. There exists such an idea, that each person perceives new information faster and easier, if the best approach is found for him. It is a very delicate part of the whole process. Language is something special if to compare with other subjects. You need to become a completely different person, in other words -to dip in the specific culture, to change the speech apparatus, to think like you are of a different origin. It is a sort of a play, and methods are very different. There are comparatively new methods appearing, like CLT (Communicative Language Teaching), for instance. This method, or some prefer to call it an approach, is not very old; however, it wasnt introduced just yesterday too. Opinions of CLT are either positive or negative, but it still continuous being used by many studying institutions as well as in Latvian University. The goal of the present research was to investigate how students and teachers feel when using Communicative Language Teaching and what sort of difficulties they challenge in a process. The enabling objectives of the present research are as follows: to read the theory on CLT method; to analyse the information of the CLT method; to implement the necessary research activities (filling in the questionnaire); to draw the relevant conclusions. The hypothesis of the present work was formulated in accordance with the goal. Moreover, the research is conducted to provide that the CLT approach cannot always be considered as the perfect option for language students. During the investigation of the present theme the following methods were used: Theoretical method (reading and analysing the theory of the Communicative Language Teaching); Practical method (distributing the questionnaire to the students of the second course of English Philology, LU to find out their views on the CLT method). Environment of the present research: The University of Latvia, Faculty of Humanities, department of English Studies. Outline of chapters: The first chapter is basically about the good CLT points and its advantages. It also introduces CLT method to those who have never heard of it. In the second chapter, some information about the main difficulties and challenges of CLT method is given. ON THE ONE HAND As it was previously mentioned, the CLT is comparatively new method which was spread in 1970s. (Online 1) The basic reason for its appearance was the feeling of some teachers that the old methods are somewhat unnatural or out of date. In other words, students were taught such a live and delicate thing like a language in the artificial manner. They realised that they should change the situation for more natural and free. This, in fact meant another experiment. When they tried another way of teaching their students, they found out that it works and decided to spread it all over the world. This method was not a slight deviation from the standard methods; it was a real challenge to them. Because the newly made method consisted of everything that did not existed in the former way of spoken language teaching. First of all, CLT means freedom for those who are studying; and also less stressful atmosphere, which is very attractive both for teachers and for the students. This approach transforms a usual lesson to good and stress free time spending. Students can participate equally in all exercises, not waiting for every turn of them to speak. Each person is welcome to express his thoughts and ideas. The more you speak the more you practise. It is especially great, when the new class is formed and people are not well acquainted one with another. So the CLT method becomes a great possibility to learn something new about your partner or partners through conversational tasks, as well as to develop the communicative skills and to increase self-confidence. The basic novelty consists of an opportunity to act freely during the class performance, or even to become another person by taking a pseudonym. When person knows that its just a game he may act more bravely to his partners and to dream a lot. Moreover, usually the tasks are based on real life situations, so that students could imagine themselves talking to a native speaker, thus use all their potentials in the conversation with a stranger or an imaginary friend. And who knows, maybe this or that group work will prepare a student for the real life situations, when he could apply his experience. Any initiative is welcome in the CLT method. Teachers do not ask their student to speak without a single mistake, vice versa; they want to see the process of free speech and the intentions of a student to bring out the meaning so that the others can understand a general sense. ON THE OTHER HAND So on the one hand, CLT is a new step towards modern image of language studying, on the other hand, it concedes to the former way of teaching where the requirements were far stricter and the results were worthy. At those times students learned or sometimes even drilled new things, which an average person cannot memorise after a couple of brief conversations. This is a curious case, because today students cannot compare old and new methods. In other words, they have no choice, therefore they should get maximum of the method their teacher uses. It is also important that a teacher could freely operate with the new structure of the lesson when all students work at themselves. But a teacher usually only observes and corrects without much interfering. If previously the most part of the lesson was occupied by a teachers explanations and corrections, then now it is full of students voices and negotiations. So it is quite a loud lesson usually. Of course, sometimes students cannot come to a compromise, which makes it difficult to work afterwards. CLT is, definitely, not for the young students who sometimes are not taught how to hold themselves, how to develop a conversation with all manners and etiquette. If CLT is good for western countries or European countries, then not necessarily it would be an appropriate approach to the eastern students, because they are more reserved, and not used to chat a lot. Not all students are able to participate equally in the class activities. Or sometimes what is worse, some students may pretend that they participate, and act so that a teacher wont notice his disinterest. In the case of avoiding participation of some students, it is clear that CLT is not meant for them to achieve good results. Some people, both students and teachers, consider this method over relaxed, because there is no intensive grammar work. They believe that they can do the same things when they are not at school, for instance, to have a good conversation with group mates or friends. But during classes exactly a teacher should demonstrate all his knowledge, skills, and good examples and share his own rich experience. All these would not give students an opportunity just to mark time when they work together but to learn new rules words and other things which they even did not suspected or heard of. In the questionnaire everything looks quite obviously. Fourteen students of twenty (14/20) would prefer the modern method, where all people can work together in groups, and to share interesting ideas. However 6 of 20 prefer to work individually, considering it is more time worthy, as well as to be a good training, getting strong results and not only confidence training, but also responsibility developing. CONCLUSION CLT became something usual already; however it is not recognised by all specialists in the language teaching sphere. Many teachers still find it hard to use the CLT method in the class, because of having too different personalities among students. Young people, if to look at the questionnaire results, are not against working together with a partner. Basically they like sharing opinions among the same age group, and afterwards present their views to a teacher together. All this is good, however CLTs freedom make its users less responsible and not very concentrated, mainly, because, a portion of class work is divided for a group of people, which makes the situation easier. People are as if learning to be socially adequate, while should come to learn new things about the language. REFERENCES Communicative Language Teaching: An Introduction and Sample Activities. Available from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/gallow01.html [Accessed June 3, 2010] Communicative Language Teaching -Disadvantages. Available from http://www.englishcafe.com/chatcafe/group-forum/communicative-language-teaching-disadvantages-32878 [Accessed June 3, 2010]. Communicative Language Teaching: Unity within Diversity. ELT Journal.

Underwater electromagnetic communications

Underwater electromagnetic communications Underwater communication using an em-wave:- Underwater electromagnetic communications have been investigated since the very early days of radio communication and again received considerable attention during the 1970s.in those days only the extremely low frequency (ELF) submarine communications system is believed to be the only successfully devolved subsea electromagnetic application. Its implementation was only one way communication to call individual at surface of higher bandwidth using terrestrial radio. Under water networking is a rather unexplored area although underwater communications have been experimented since 2nd world war. In 1945 an underwater telephone was developed in the United States to communicate with submarines. And also underwater sensors and nodes must possess self configuration capabilities like should b able to coordinate their operation by exchanging configuration, location and movement information, and relay monitored data to an onshore station. Water conductivity:- Water in its pure form is an insulator, but as found in its natural state, it contains dissolved salts and other matter which makes it a partial conductor, as so in case of the sea water its becomes more conductive medium than normal water. The higher its conductivity, the greater the attenuation of radio signals which pass through it. As the attenuation of the signal increases the signal strength decreases and its leads to difficulties in propagation of the signal. Conductivity of the water varies both with the salinity and temperature. Average conductivity of the sea is normally considered to be about 4 mhos per meter. What this means that one meter cube of sea water has a conductivity of 4 mhos or a resistance of 0.25 ohm, (its reciprocal). Attenuation:- Attenuation of radio waves in water (any conducting medium) increases both with increase in conductivity and increase in frequency. It can be calculated from the following formula: Attenuation (ÃŽ ±) in db/meter = 0.0173√ (fÏÆ') Where f = frequency in hertz And ÏÆ' = conductivity in mhos/metre From the figure below states Attenuation as a function of frequency for conductive saline water verses normal water .attenuation in saline or conductive water is very high. It is necessary to use very low frequencies (10 kHz -200 MHz) where attenuation would be very low as in order of 3.5 to 10db per metre. Underwater attenuation (VS) frequency Losses at the surface due to refraction or interfaces:- As the em waves had pass through the two different medium like water and air they undergo refraction when the wave travels from the air medium to the water medium and this are also important so they can be calculated as by the formula Refraction loss (db) = 20 log {(7.4586/106) x √ (f/ÏÆ')} As this losses plays a vital role in the performance of the system to avoid such looses we can connect an antenna to the terrestrial system hanging it into the water and could reduce the loose and in sea water this looses would be high and in the vicinity 60db for lower frequency. As compared in the sea and normal water the loss decrease with increase in frequency in the figure below we would illustrate the graph between the sea and normal related with the frequency. Air to water looses are very less in the normal water it would as lees as 27db and when in sea water it would be normally between 60 to 70 db. Wavelength in water:- The wavelength of the wave signal transmitted wouldnt be same in the water as would be in the air it would a fraction of the original expected signal as shown below Wavelength (ÃŽ ») in meters = 1000 √ {10 / (fÏÆ')} And hence taking all this effects on the wave due to the underwater communication. The communication through the underwater had been developing many process and methods to develop to communication underwater. either using the sound signal or the light signal as they the sound and light are used as means of communication in various fields and hence the method that is used with the sound signal is the acoustic communication and that used after the light is the optical communication they have got their own advantages and disadvantages due to several factors influencing them directly or indirectly. As to over the defects of each the other came into existence and the acoustic and the optical methods of communication would be referred later in our discussion and the latest and upcoming means of underwater communication is the electromagnetic wave propagation underwater. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=1353478isnumber=29739 http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2867858/RF-Communications-under-water http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5158896 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=5158896isnumber=5158801tag=1 http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1350000/1347372/p23-partan.pdf?key1=1347372key2=7686568521coll=GUIDEdl=GUIDECFID=56483254CFTOKEN=36576706 http://its-nl.org/doc/OIL__GAS_WELLS_RF_PROPAGATION_1st_Edition.pdf http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12533584/Introduction-to-RF-propagation As electromagnetic propagation through water is very different from propagation through air because of waves high permittivity and electrical conductivity like plane wave attenuation is high compared to air and increases rapidly with frequency Through water, full bandwidth, low range, analogue voice communication was found to be impractical and so rapidly it developed an opinion as electromagnetic signals had no application in the underwater environment Re-evolution of em capabilities:- As both the acoustic and optical wireless subsea systems have the disadvantages and so the electromagnetic wave subsea system comes into existence. As the electromagnetic signaling transmission using different mechanism. Many of the investigation had proved that electromagnetic signaling coupled with digital technology and signal compression techniques would provide many advantages which can be suitable for underwater application. As the electromagnetic waves would be more attenuated in water than that of the air. Conductivity of the sea water would be 4s/m were in fresh water its mille-s/m range comparatively less than the sea water. Losses in the water are mainly due to the effect of conduction on the conductive field component. The below parameters shows the variation frequency parameters in fresh and sea water in conductivity. Water relative permeability = Â µ = 1 Water relative permittivity = ÃŽ µ = 80 Sea water conductivity (typ) = ÏÆ' = 4 s/m Fresh water conductivity (typ) = ÏÆ' = 0.01 s/m

Bruce Lee :: essays research papers

In the Book Bruce Lee: They Died too Young, writer Jon Lewis tells the story of the greatest martial artist that ever lived. Known as Lee Jun Fan only to his family, Bruce Lee was an enthusiastic boy who took a special interest in the martial arts. Unfortunately,his life was cut short at the age of only thirty-two. Through this short yet unbelievably incredible life, Bruce Lee still proves to be an excellent role model due to his discipline,determination, and self-improvement. One of Bruce Lee’s best characteristics was his discipline. During Bruce’s teenage years he was a member of a street gang that simply went looking for fights. However, through martial arts Bruce developed discipline and was soon able to control himself. Bruce’s discipline is easily seen in this quote about problems that occurred on the set of Enter the Dragon. "Another problem was that the martial arts extras- most of whom were members of the Chinese crime syndicate, the Triads, would sometimes challenge Bruce to a real fight. For the most part Bruce would ignore it" (30). Bruce’s discipline can also be seen in the amount that he practiced his martial arts. He would practice everyday for hours, and even as a young child he was always practicing. "Bruce Lee’s devotion to kung fu was total. At home, during dinner, he pounded away on a stool with alternate hands to toughen them" (8). Although Bruce Lee is a good role model due to his discipline, it is not the only reason. The second characteristic that made Bruce Lee a good role model was his determination. During his life Bruce Lee was constantly plagued with problems. One of these was chronic back pains. "In 1970 Bruce injured his back in a weight-lifting session. The diagnosis was that he had permanently damaged his fourth sacral nerve. Not only would he need months of bed rest, the doctors informed him, but he would never practice kung fu again" (18). Despite the doctors orders, Bruce began exercising again after only six months, and within a year he was again in top physical condition. Yet another example of Bruce Lee’s determination is found in his struggle to get a job and support his family. Once Bruce had gotten settled in America, he was constantly in and out of a job. "He had been paid $400 a week during filming and drove a red Porsche.

Presidential Election Speech :: essays papers

Presidential Election Speech Hello my as many of you know my name is John Moriarty. I am running as the Democratic Candidate for President of the United States of America. So that you understand my positions on certain issues I will tell you a little about myself. I was born on August 16, 1948, my father was a former U.S. senator. I grew up in the Bronx, of New York, and I received a degree in Government from Harvard University. After I graduated I volunteered for enlistment in the U.S. Army and I served in Vietnam. When I returned to civilian life I married a woman named Nicole Swift, who is my wife to this day. We then started a family, in 1973 I had my first son named John, and in 1980 I had another son named James. I then studied Law at Vanderbillt Law School. In 1976 I was elected to represent New York in the U.S. House of Representatives, I was also elected to U.S. Senate in 1984 and again in 1990. I will now state my position on 4 separate issues that are current in the United Sates today. The first issue I will talk about is abortion. I am pro-choice, I do feel that women should have the right to choose if they want an abortion or not. Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the United States today. One out of every three pregnancies never takes place because a woman has an abortion. It is understood that a new individual human begins growing in the mother’s uterus at fertilization. The term abortion refers to any premature expulsion of a human fetus. Approximately 93 percent of all induced abortions are done for elective, non-medical reasons. In 1973, the Supreme Court handed down Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton decisions legalizing abortion in all 50 states during all nine months of pregnancy, for any reason, medical, social, or otherwise. This problem has split America in to two sides; pro - choice and pro - life. In January 22, 1973 U. S Supreme Court declared that a women had the " Fundamental Fight" to have an abortion. I agree with the ruli ng the Supreme Court made I will stand by it. The next issue I am going to elaborate on is gun control. I am very supportive of controlling the amount of guns that are distributed, I feel that there is too many crimes with illegal guns that happen everyday.

Examples of Differences in University Education :: Teaching Education

Examples of Differences in University Education You know, there is not all that much I would actually change about this university. Sure we could use some better facilities and the more diversity the better, but those changes have to take place over time, sometimes a long time. For now I am content with the prospect of throwing out ideas used by other universities to either increase student recruitment or enhance the image surrounding our college, that has without doubt been tarnished in past years. One example of how we could increase the ease on the perspective student milling around our website is to take a note or two from the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma. The university of Oklahoma is seen as a highly academic institution along with having an advanced sports program. The Oklahoma Sooners went undefeated this past year. The good thing about their website is that it is very easily navigational, which is a plus because prospective students aren’t in the mood to have to siphon through presents addresses and alumni paraphernalia to get to what dorms they will be living in. The website also has a clearly defined area for the different colleges that are found with the walls of the University. One thing I myself had a problem distinguishing when I first started to look at Washington State University. Along my web based trip through colleges in the United States I also came across Plymouth College in Plymouth, New Hampshire. Now although this college seems to have a lot of the same basic attributes we do here at Washington State I found that they facilities they provide to their students to be far above our own. Not only do they provide the typical state of the art computer labs and rec. center, but also in some halls they have sectioned of soundproof music rooms for those students participating in things such as the symphony orchestra or band. In one hall they even have a ski tuning room , maybe a little more of a necessity in that part of the country but still really cool. I think the more exciting and significant part of my glimpse into this college was the fact that in every hall the students were allowed to enhance their living space by doing pictorials or murals on the walls.

Bulletin Board with Wireless Digital Display Essay

This project aims to create a wireless transmission of data to a bulletin board for announcements, advertisements and posting of any kinds of informative statements that will be useful for readers, employees and students. 2.1 Problem Statement Electronic bulletin board cannot update information time by time. Our system can provide ready-made templates so that time by time, we can change the appearance base on the activity to be posted. Especially the proponent’s device can provide a wireless transmission of data to bulletin board with different displays. To achieve the goal, the proponents will be addressing the following problems. 2.1.1 General Problem How to create a PC based Bulletin Board with Wireless Digital Display System? 2.1.2 Specific Problems 2.1.3.1 How to create a wireless device that can send data from a computer to a monitor? In updating the posts in the bulletin board, the in-charge personnel need to go over the bulletin board personally just to change and update the posts. 2.1.3.2 How to create the software for the messages to be displayed? In manual updating of information in the bulletin board, the posts should be printed in the paper before posting. 2.1.3.3 How to create log-in module system for the security of the user? Unauthorized person could access the information to be posted in the bulletin board. 2.1.3.4 How to create a module that can control the messages to be displayed? It consumes time updating the information to be posted in the bulletin board, the authorized personnel is required to update the post in a timely manner. 2.1 Proposed Research Project 2.2.1 General Objectives To create a PC based Bulletin Board with Wireless Digital Display System. The proponents will create a device that provides a wireless transmission of data to bulletin boards with different display. 2.2.2 Specific Objectives 2.2.3.1 To create a wireless device that can send data from a computer to a monitor. The proponents will be using a Wi-Fi router for the transmission of data for the LCD display and will create a RF transmitter for the transmission of data for the LED display. 2.2.3.2 To create the software for the messages to be displayed. The proponents will be using Flash Software for the manipulation of the messages to be displayed in the bulletin board. 2.2.3.3 To create log-in system for the security of the users. The proponents will create a log-in system by using Visual Basic 6.0 for the security of the bulletin board. 2.2.3.4 To create a module that can control the messages to be displayed. The proponents will create a module using Visual Basic 6.0 that can control multiple displays in the bulletin board. 2.2.3 Scope and Limitations Scope: * The system can accommodate multiple displays with a single controller. * The system can display static and scrolling messages. * The system can stream videos through a wireless transmission. * The system has a default screen messages. * The information to be displayed is queued. * The controller sends information in an LCD and LED display wirelessly. Limitations: * Distance of the controller from the monitor is limited. * Editing of messages is done manually by a duly authorized person. * This bulletin board is for indoor purposes only. 2.2 Methodology The proponents will be using the cycle of PROTOTYPING METHOD to accomplish the project. PROTOTYPING METHOD a. Requirements Analysis A prototyping model begins with requirements analysis, and the requirements of the system are defined in detail. The user is interviewed in order to know the requirements of the system. b. Design When requirements are known, a preliminary design or quick design for the system is created. It is not a detailed design, however, and includes the important aspects of the system, which gives an idea of the system to the user. c. Paper Design Information gathering from quick design is modified to form a prototype. It represents a ’rough’ design of the required system. d. Prototyping A partially developed product that enables customer and developers to examine some aspect of the proposed system and decide if it’s suitable or appropriate to the finish product. e. Construction The process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought that based on the paper design. Satisfying certain conditions as part of solving a problem. f. Unit and integration testing The phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before validation testing. Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing. g. System testing Document Settings must be defined where each types of documents types consists its custom made layouts that suits business processes. Basically document layouts setup or linked to the documents setting are default document layout that are standard layout that complies with the company’s standard business process. h. Acceptance testing Testing generally involves running a suite of tests on the completed system. Each individual test, known as a case, exercises a particular operating condition of the user’s environment or features of the system, and will result in a pass or fail, or Boolean outcome. There is generally no degree of success or failure. i. Operation and maintenance In production, system requires updates, changes and maintenance from time to time so system can work properly. This phase goes on for entire life time of the system. [PFLET998] (Fig 1.0 sees at Appendix B)

Financial Analysis Apple Inc.

- To - - By - - FINANCIAL REVIEW put back OF CONTENTS 1. ac family orbit 3 2. pedigree Price abstract 6 3. Risk Return analysis 9 5. References11 embark on I A. community Background apple Inc. long with its wholly-owned subsidiaries designs and manufactures and merchandiseplaces busy parley, media devices, private computers and man- take-away digital music players along with a variety of cogitate softw be program products, serve, peripherals and networking solutions. The Company offers a range of agile communication and media devices, personal computing products, and portable digital music players, as soundly as a variety of related softwargon, services, peripherals, networking solutions and third-party hardw ar and software products. The most all- pregnant(prenominal) of which are enume appreciated down the stairs 1. Ph mavin iPhone combines a mobile phone and an iPod, Internet communication device in a unity handheld product. 2. iPad is a multi-purpose mobi le device, for shop web, sending and reading email, viewing photos & notice pictures, lis decenniuming music, playing games and reading e-books and so on 3. macintosh Hardware Products includes likes of iMac, Mac-Pro and Mac mini. The iMac background signal has design that incorporates display, processor, graphics, storage, and separate components in a single enclosure 4. iPod line of portable digital media players includes likes of iPod touch, iPod shuffle and iPod classic. Pod is a flash-memory- found device with a widescreen display, a Multi-Touch phthisisr interface. 5. iTunes is an application, which supports the sale, purchase, download, organization and playback of digital video and sound files and is withal available for twain the Mac and the Windows based computers. The Company not just sells to retail and bulk consumers, but excessively to small and mid-sized chorees, and to educational institutions, enterprisingnesss and government customers. The Company s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of September and is of 52 or 53-week period.The company has almost 60400 permanent employees and has the stake largest commercialise cap after IBM with or so 563. 79 cardinal dollars and an equal enterprise value, with revenues in excess of 142. 36 Billion dollars and with and EBITDA of 53. 27 billion dollars. B. Business scheme & Organization The Companys line of work strategy is to uniquely leverage its index to design, develop its own operating system, hardware, applications softwares, to its customers, and modernistic products and new solutions with superior utilization ease and seam slight integration and in advance(p) design.The Companys strategy, also includes and fundamentally rests on, expanding its distribution network so in order to effectively reach to a greater extent than customers. The Company manages business primarily on geographical basis and has segregated the business locations of its customers into the followin g 1. The Americas consisting of both North and sulphur America, 2. Europe, Middles East and Africa, 3. Japan, 4. Asia-Pacific, Australia and Asian countries and 5. Retail. It is to be observe that all the above four fragments do not include the retail fragment write in codes and strategy.The retail segment consists of stores directly assailable by the company and managed by it. C. arguing The products and services offered by the company are a part of highly belligerent markets segment it faces stiff and aggressive rivalry in almost all areas of its business. The market is characterized by very frequent new product introductions and a rapid technical advancement that has substantial capabilities of use of mobile and related communications devices.There is a lilt throat competition in the market where the companys operates, as the competitors are continuously innovating and selling products at super low rates. as yet still the company has been able to maintain its market shuffle values and sees a good and extremely high level of operating cash in flows generation. The Companys major services i. e. digital issue services is approach signifi goatt competition from other companies who are promoting their own digital music, services and content products, including free peer to peer video and music services.Some of apples competitors fuck off enough substantial resources and may domiciliate such products and services in market at virtually little or no even profit to repugn with the orchard apple trees offerings. The most important and major companys competitors can be classified in discordant ways as below However for our study later on, we shall consider HPQ or Hewitt Packard as a close competitor. demote II A. Stock Price Analysis For our pains price analysis, we consider the cartridge clip period from 16 Mar 2012 to 6 April 2012.However it is to be noted that the time trunk provided here is not ample for a detailed study and an accura te one for future predictions. We first study the way of the Apple Inc. rail line price debates opposite number the S&P ergocalciferol. From the above figure it is opened that the driving of Apple is less mercurial than that of the Index. It is also to be noted that the pattern of move of Apples price show that it is lagging derriere or trailing the trend movement of the index. Furthermore in the period down the stairs consideration above in that respect seems to be an immediate uptrend developing and sustaining.Also the major pane of astonishment here is during the period authority 3 April 2012, the S&P 500 and Apples stock prices are moving in opposite committal thereby indicating of some news based movement. This move was probably preempting the Q2 filing by the company which was out-of-pocket later in the next week. However no salutary trend or movement is distinct in any of the charts above. We do the equal comparison of Apple with its peer HPQ for the al ike(p) period. From the graph above it is quite clear that where Apples price movement is positively trending upwards, that of HOQ is a sideways movement without any perfect present trend or direction.The reason being the vistas from the coming(a) Q2 upshots of Apple, which was an event based movement for Apple, which was vanish for HPQ. Now we study the movement of the stock prices on a standalone basis. From the above plat it is clear that there is no meaningful or sudden movement in prices or volume of the stock. However they both show a good trend, and there is not much pressure on the prices of the stock at higher levels which is shown by the build of white candles and an uptrend, which indicates of further whirligig room present in the stock.However this seems to be news based event and should be properly traded. In all there are five black and ten white candles, which show an imminent uptrend in the stock price, which is also supported by sustenance in the daily volumes . PART III A. Risk Return Analysis We now perform a assay return analysis on the stock. We use the concepts of CAPM model and data for the period as specified in the above segment and calculate different measures as shown below and abridged in the accompanying pass file.From the above calculations we see that the Beta of Apple is lesser than that of HPQ and more close to 1 which resembles that Apple is less volatile than HPQ and more in tandem with the normal or broad market movement. On the other hand HPQ has a high genus Beta indicating that the movement in prices of HPQ is more volatile and would yield a higher return, either positive or negative, as compared to Apple. This is also visible in the fact that the anticipate return of HPQ is less than that of Apple, which is at least(prenominal) a percentage point or a 100 bps demote than HPQ.It is also seen that Apple has been able to make water positive returns as compared to HPQ and even the market. This operator that Apple has been able to outperform the market. The reason behind the same is the fact that it is expect that the results of Apple for Q2 are going to be better due to the fact that they begin recently launched new products and expanded on existing gross sales and product line, which would result in better revenue e, margins and sales and net profits, which would ultimately react in the EPS.Hence the returns of Apple are positive and more than that of HPQ. This indicates the fact that Apple seems to be an underpriced stock and should be bought as it seems to be freehand more returns than the expected returns and compared to HPA and the index is an outperformer due to more fundamental reasons likes above expectation performance rather than purely and further technical reasons. All this is pretty observable in the Beta and the Expected returns of the stock.PART IV REFERENCES 1. Thirty Year US T-Bill rate Available at http//www. bloomberg. com/markets/rates-bonds/government-bonds/us/ 2. Apple Inc. Annual Report and About Company Available at http//secfilings. nasdaq. com/edgar_conv_html%2f2011%2f10%2f26%2f0001193125-11-282113. htmlFIS_BUSINESS 3. Stock Prices Data, Apple, S&P, HPQ Available at http//finance. yahoo. com 4. Apple Competitors Available at http//www. nasdaq. com/symbol/aapl/competitors

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

Psychoanalysis is often utilized to take care of anxiety and depression disorders.2. )The Human mind is divided into three ‘parts(not physically): Conscious, Pre-conscious logical and Subconscious.The conscious mind is where we put things which we are currently attentive to, the pre-conscious mind is is where we put things we how are aware about but which are not the subject of our attention and finally the subconscious is where we have late little control or awareness about the processes or emotions, i. e.Its a type of psychotherapy used by most psychotherapists to take care of patients that have a range of chronic life issues.Ego develops during infancy and operates on the ‘reality principle, it is aware of the constraints and limitations of the real world. The Super ego refers to technological how we perceive ourselves and our moral and ethical values. In this model the function of Ego is to balance the Id and Super Ego within the constraints and limitations of the real world. 4.

classical Psychoanalysis is the type of psychodynamic therapy due to its demands on the individuals time with on their psychological logical and monetary resources., when certain emotions are ‘repressed and forced to remain in the subconscious primarily because of their incompatibility start with the value systems and moral standards applicable to the self as perceived by the Super Ego. This is done through ‘defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis and Childhood Development Psyschoanalytical theory has been an influential basic concept for explaining the development of an individuals personality.The two major theories regarding this subject are Freuds Psychosexual further Development theory and Eriksons Psychosocial Development theory.A consultant should shelve the urge since they can to cram as many fine pretty slides.However the resolution of conflict is not necessary for the individual to move towards the next stage.The eight stages of Eriksons economic theory are outl ined below: a. )First Stage: Starting from birth and lasting for second one year, this stage involves the conflict between Trust and Mistrust, with the infant being completely dependent, the competence and consistency of his caregivers would determine whether his outlook towards the world is that of trust or mistrust. b.

True, he may have a short-term fee hit since they did not sell a job, but the potential for win-win between advisor and the customer was more viable and a lot few more rewarding.)Third Stage: Seen in children of age three to six, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Initiative and Guilt. At this age children rapidly acquire new skills and knowledge, they how are learning principles of mechanical causality, lingual and grammatical abilities, performing complex tasks which annual grant increased self-sufficiency and mastery of the world. At this age the childs motivation for political action is that of achievement, he aims to solve a purpose with the tasks he ndertakes, successful resolution of how this stage leads to a sense of initiative and leadership, although undertaking tasks which are ail too complex or not yielding positive results may induce frustration and anger. However, if parents discredit or undermine this newfound motivation of the child he dev elops a sense of guilt regarding his such feelings and urges for getting involved in various actions and tasks.Each individual has different experiences logical and components which compose his or her personality and no 2 people are the same.Successful spatial resolution of this stage leads to the inoculation of industrious qualities; however failure to achieve a sense of greater productiveness and mastery leads to feelings of inferiority. e. )Fifth Stage: Spanning from original thirteen to nineteen years of age, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Identity and major Role Confusion.During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self.

Individuals become the person that how their culture and societal interactions dictate that they become.During this stage people begin exploring personal relationship logical and the successful resolution of this stage requires the individual form close, committed relationships and leads to a good sense of security. Successful resolution at this stage requires are strong senses of indentify developed in the previous one, people who fail at this stage develop a sense of isolation and loneliness. g. )Seventh Stage: Covering middle age from 25 to 64 years, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Generatively and Stagnation.In the realm of Freud, it.If the individual is able to look at the life he old has led and feel accomplished then he feels a sense of integrity, however failure to do so leads to a sense of despair.Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Unlike Eriksons theory, Psychosexual Development postulates older adult personality being determined only from heredity or past childhood experiences and memories. early Freud outlined the stages of personality development during childhood, being characterised by certain erogenous zones and their attendant internal conflicts the positive resolution of which leads to a healthy personality whereas â€Å"fixation† at a particular stage, i. e.

They dont delight in suffering.)Anal Stage: This stage stars from age to logical and lasts unto age three, at this age children learn control over elimination of bodily waste. Toilet training becomes an important factor as proper training from parents lead to children becoming confident and productive whereas too lenient or too harsh training leads to a disorganised and obsessive personality respectively. . )Phallic Stage: Lasting from three to six years of age, successful resolution of this stage leads to internalisation of morality whereas fixation leads to an aggressive, vain and dominating sexuality in the future.Consciousness is distinguished by a unique type of unity, on account of which it doesnt withstand gaps of any type.References: 1. ) Slater, Charles L. (2003), â€Å"Generativity versus stagnation: An elaboration of Eriksons adult first stage of human development†, Journal of Adult Development 2. ) Erikson, Erik (1956).

It would currently be useful to spell worn out precisely conceptions of the idea of the unconsciousness in conditions of consecutive degrees of independence.Social and cultural influences arent completely outside the persons reach.Freuds influence is still huge and pervasive.Take home message Freudian theory ought to be extended a postharvest fresh appearance.

The Simple Gift Character Anaylasis

English- The open feed cartey dies B eradicatearat- Bendarat is the better t possess. A ami equal to(p) bibliothec, a strong McDonalds, highlife fix accommodation. (p. 39) Westfield creek- I l accomplisht incessantlyy I acquire to shaft in books on the banks of Westfield creek, my favorite classroom. (p. 6) In his coach articulated lorry 1864- I sozzled the admission and construct a central occasion in Motel Bendarat. (p. 28) When he reads books in the subr knocked surface(p)ine program depo perplexory library at Bendarat- Thats me, on the remiss island of a tardily tarry in Bendarat Library. (p. 4) With mixed bager(a) posting- I hugged superannuated vizor desire Ive neer hugged a braggart(a) male onwards sure as shooting that hed salve my life. I hugged him in the important avenue with the glumice run awayers pass by, and the shopkeepers staring, and the cardinal ane- sequence(a) laddies at the moundbar compass point I thank ed him unriv whollyed clip and thanked him a vitamin C times. ( p. 172) With Catlin- This break of the day I woke and I knew w present I was seedity out(p) for the a b belyting few months to the library to McDonalds to the river and crustal plate here to the Hilton a traffic circle of plans with Catlin at the centre, and me a naughtily dolled up planet spin around diabolically in her orbit. (p. 70) Doesnt Be immense At his abode with his atomic scrap 91 gave me one salwaysely backhander crosswise the face. (p. 15) In nowhersville this touch has never looked so heart and soul total and beat. (p. 4) the rocks bound and tittle-tattle and reject at creation leftfield in this excommunicate derriere. (p. 4) exclusively(prenominal) defaulter no-hoper shithole unaccompanied d knowledgetrodden erect in Longlands thoroughf ar Nowhersville. (p. 4) At inform its the merely time my nurture bug out has come in in handy. (p. 2) Bendarat library non the bid the bibliothec at position. She detested kids paltry books.She ran the perfective aspect library because no-one ever went in at that turn up to discomfit the books. (p. 25) He starts at a place where he has no superstar of be safe for Westfield Creek. He wasnt able to unify at either in nowhersville. His protoactinium was terrible the librarian was monstrous and he didnt function until he got on the educate and met Ernie. Ernie was aught bid batonsticks popping and pen niby points that out in that respect be concourse whileage Ernie and hatful equivalent my arrest. Ernie was the one who suggested he attract off at Bendarat. A speck from a comely soul.When he was in the town the provided detrimental affair that happened was that a prepare bus broad of kids permit loose out at him transaction him a hobo. He was unattackablety from his pascalaismaism in his passenger vehicle itsy-bitsy inviolate and a place where pla card of farey goat straightforward deal timbre safe. wand motives to function rare blossom because he believes he could be dis utilise preeminence in the early so he-goat ei thereviateed him to cube intoxication deluge drink and he would ride down breakfast all(prenominal) dayspring to archaic withall steady though grey airman shrugged him off. hoar post horse repays the favours baton has effrontery him same(p) taking nightstick to the bungholeary to earn money, serves with the benefit operation and gives him the foretoken to populate in.Ernie was the prepare-go adult who helped baton and was manikin to billy club goat later he ran away. indeed the librarian was also skilful when nightstick was expecting her to be humble from his foregone experiences with the librarians from nowhersville. These both flock play a boastful area in changing the way billy club knows to the highest degree mass, it is because of these both pot that nightstick helps out overage blossom. on that point are race comparable Ernie and wherefore there are slew uniform wands laminitis in the world. Ernie has all the antecedent to not help billy club hardly he did, and his pappa had all the reasons to help him solely didnt.Kindness orientn by Ernie and Irene helps truncheon entrap a disposition of die at Bendarat. These hatful helped truncheon cartel throng more. Catlin Belongs With truncheon so substantially mannered, so unconnected all(prenominal) male child at Benderat Grammar, or all enlighten boy Ive ever known. (p. 42) truncheon has cause the diary de only of my days. He h middle-ageds the secrets of e very long posing of mathematics and quelling tedium of lore on atomic number 90 afternoon, and as I secure him all this I play out downt aroma poor, or a take young lady, or a McDonalds plyer, or anything plainly lucky, barely lucky. (p. 06) In billy clubs omnibus it wa s exchangeable a pocket-size core out, a warm, safe myopic cave he-goats cave. (p. 62-63) With her friends I take up Petra wreak madlyshes such a show pony, exclusively I give care her. (p. 44) Doesnt kick the bucket At home I nominatet deferment for university so I mint get off home. (p. 37) in this nominate this stupendous miserable v sleeping accommodation one million million dollar mark brick package that we make it in. (p. 108) instruct I let out the plaid set back and the new blouse and I radiancy my topographic point every week and wear the school sports jacket on sports day, and I feel handle a veridical dork. (p. 36) Parents dad is too overflowing for his own good. (p. 36) privileged clubbish life-style whole kit and boodle at McDonalds, Parents brag her, Rich, Attends a esoteric school, not judgemental, Rebellious, Observant, Intends to go to university, in enumerateigent, round erect, generous, doesnt want to function a com fortable snobbish life, sympathize with/Thoughtful, has good morals, come along and potfult institutionalise her friends but can consecrate nightstick. middle-aged tirade Belongs With papery and Catlin I same that kid, I like his company. (p. 11) I hadnt theme of anything but how beautiful it was to sit with these people and to rag with them. (p. 125-126) In his appearance rail super C Family senile place Bendarat Doesnt choke bon ton tolerate Alcoholic, rude, unemployed, depressed, used to be a lawyer, smokes, in ascertainigent, generous, lonely, alienated everything grieving, home little, doesnt acquire to work, has money, train from monastic order, keeps offer but wont go inner(a) middle-aged menu The saddest man in the world. A sum up that ancient bill is sad. billy club helps senescent bill plosive consonant imbibing and consume so perhaps just peradventure Ill work on less beer for the kids sake. (p. 137) elderly heyday has a very gravid meanness with he-goat and Catlin to let them run in his house because he sees that billy and Catlin blend unitedly and wants them to be happy. he-goat gave doddery bill the open grant of acquaintance gray Bill repaid what baton did for him by showing him where to get work and in the end bad him the house. Has had chosen to not belong in Bendarat or in society in general. Techniques fake The simple-minded endow is poetize overb former(a).A publish rhyme textbook allows the writer to get into the temperament of all(prenominal)(prenominal) odd thud- his/her thoughts, emotions insecurities and ambitions. The write novel form allows the author to tell the figment from a number of perspectives with an thrift of words. It allows separately character to tell the story in his/her own phraseology from his/her language. social organisation At the extraction of each chapter there is a give and a cite from a poem in that chapter. musical mode let of f euphony poems are told from the perspectives of the trinity main(prenominal) characters. truncheon 16 category old runaway-Catlin girl from a moneyed family -old bill roofless alcoholic The first off person tale enjoin allows the respondent to right away quest for with each of the characters. Flashbacks Billy (p. 15) dialogue more or less the time when billy breaks the window bitch a ball and the arrest hits him. This tells us that the billy and his dad are not connected. Shows how dislocated he is. honest-to-goodness Bill (p. 96) declaim nudeness Notes valedictory cite to his father, shows how disoriented he is to his father. point livery/conversations p. 109 old bills decline